TL;DR: Cost of revenue shows the direct costs required to produce and deliver goods or services. For Indian SME manufacturers, tracking it clearly helps improve pricing, margins, and operational decisions.

What Is Cost of Revenue?

Cost of revenue refers to the direct expenses a business incurs to produce goods or deliver services. These costs are closely tied to day-to-day operations and directly impact profitability and efficiency.

For manufacturers, cost of revenue helps reveal where money is actually spent on making and delivering products, not just selling them. This clarity supports better cost control and pricing decisions.

How Cost of Revenue Works

Cost of revenue includes only costs that rise or fall with production or service delivery.

Key ideas:

• It captures direct production and delivery costs.

• It helps businesses understand true operational efficiency.

• It is used to calculate gross profit.

• It allows comparison with industry benchmarks.

In short, cost of revenue shows how efficiently a business converts effort into income.

Formula and Calculation of Cost of Revenue

Cost of Revenue = Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) + Additional Direct Costs

COGS includes raw materials, direct labour, and manufacturing overheads. Additional direct costs may include packaging, freight, or service delivery expenses.

This calculation gives a realistic view of the cost required to earn revenue.

What Is Included in Cost of Revenue

Direct Labour Costs

Wages and benefits of workers directly involved in production or service delivery.

Raw Materials

Materials and components consumed during manufacturing.

Manufacturing Supplies

Consumables such as lubricants and cleaning materials used in production.

Utilities and Overhead

Electricity, water, rent, and depreciation of production equipment.

Shipping and Freight Costs

Transportation costs for inbound materials and outbound finished goods.

Direct Depreciation

Depreciation of machines and equipment used directly in production.

Labour-related Benefits

Employee benefits linked to production staff.

Quality Control and Inspection

Costs for testing, inspection, and maintaining quality standards.

Research and Development

Production-linked R&D costs where applicable.

Cost of Services

Direct labour and overhead costs for service-based businesses.

Cost of Revenue vs Cost of Goods Sold

Cost of revenue is broader than COGS.

• Cost of revenue includes all direct costs of producing and delivering goods or services.

• COGS focuses mainly on production costs.

Both are essential for understanding gross profitability, but cost of revenue provides a fuller picture.

Cost of Revenue Example

Consider a manufacturing business producing electronic devices.

Its cost of revenue may include:

• Raw materials such as components.

• Direct labour for assembly.

• Factory rent and utilities.

• Shipping and distribution costs.

• Quality testing expenses.

Adding these together gives the total cost of revenue for the period.

Cost of Revenue vs Operating Expense

Cost of revenue includes direct production and delivery costs.

Operating expenses include indirect costs such as administration, marketing, and office salaries.

Separating these helps businesses understand core operational efficiency.

Managing Cost of Revenue

Monitoring cost of revenue helps businesses:

• Improve pricing accuracy.

• Identify inefficiencies.

• Strengthen financial planning.

For Indian SME manufacturers, disciplined tracking of cost of revenue supports sustainable growth.

FAQs

Is cost of revenue an expense?

Yes. Cost of revenue represents direct expenses incurred in producing goods or delivering services.

Why is cost of revenue important?

It helps businesses understand true operating costs, assess profitability, and control expenses.

What is the difference between revenue and cost of revenue?

Revenue is total income from sales. Cost of revenue is the direct cost required to generate that income.

What is cost of revenue analysis?

It is the review of direct production and delivery expenses to assess efficiency and financial health.

Is cost of goods sold an expense?

Yes. COGS is an expense and forms a major part of cost of revenue.